功能強大、操作最簡(jiǎn)便、發(fā)表文獻超多的葉綠素熒光成像系統

突變株快速篩選的強大工具

MAXI版本，成像面積11×15   cm） 藍光版，450 nm，測葉片和真核藻類(lèi) 紅光版，620 nm，測藍藻和真核藻類(lèi) 可測量96孔板，平板，384點(diǎn)藻斑	MINI版本，成像面積2.4×3.2 cm 藍光版，460 nm，測量葉片和真核藻類(lèi) 紅光版，620 nm，測量葉片和藍藻 GFP版，480 nm，測量綠色熒光蛋白	MICROSCOPY版本 藍光版：470 nm 紅光版：625nm RGB版：RGB光源

M-IMAGING-PAM是一套主機可分別接多個(gè)成像單元的葉綠素熒光成像系統，如MAXI成像單元，MINI成像單元以及搭載顯微鏡的MICROSCOPY成像單元。不同的成像單元適用于不同的應用場(chǎng)景，MAXI成像單元主要在實(shí)驗室內使用，MINI成像單元可以帶到野外現場(chǎng)使用，MICROSCOPY成像單元可以用于組織或藻類(lèi)單細胞測量。

每個(gè)成像單元有藍光和紅光兩個(gè)類(lèi)型的光源區分，它們的區別在于藍光版主要用于高等植物和真核藻類(lèi)的測量，而紅光版可以用于藍藻或藍藻共生的生物結皮，地衣測量。除此之外，MINI成像單元還有一個(gè)單獨的GFP版本，可以用于檢測遺傳標簽表達的GFP熒光蛋白。MICROSCOPY成像單元的RGB光源可以用于藻類(lèi)種群信號解卷積，進(jìn)行單細胞藻類(lèi)分類(lèi)。

M-IMAGING-PAM充分考慮了葉綠素熒光成像系統設計的基本原則：測量光強度足夠低的情況下最大限度的保證了有效成像面積內的光場(chǎng)均勻性(最大差異小于2-7%)。廣場(chǎng)均勻的基礎上，M-IMAGING-PAM還充分考慮了絕大部分研究的需求，光化光和飽和脈沖強度均可滿(mǎn)足所有物種測量的基本要求。

M-IMAGING-PAM葉綠素熒光成像系統于2003年問(wèn)世。時(shí)至今日，累計發(fā)表文獻4000多篇，光合作用文獻數據庫收錄2283篇，是發(fā)表文獻最多的PAM型號。近五年，每年都有超過(guò)200篇文獻發(fā)表。發(fā)文質(zhì)量高，其中不乏Nature，Molecular Plant，Nature Plants，Nature Communications，The Plant Cell，PNAS，New Phytologist，Plant Physiology，The Plant Journal等植物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)業(yè)高分雜志文章(詳見(jiàn)附錄)。

M-IMAGING-PAM是葉綠素熒光成像系統的典范，不是所有的葉綠素熒光成像系統都叫M-IMAGING-PAM。

主要功能

• 原位測量：活體葉綠素熒光成像，直觀(guān)顯示樣品光合作用差異，可導出熒光參數彩色圖像。

• 成像功能：對Ft、Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、F、Fm’、Y(II)、Y(NO)、Y(NPQ)、NPQ、qN、qP、qL、ETR、Abs.、NIR、Red、Inh等至少18種參數進(jìn)行成像分析。測定調節性能量耗散Y(NPQ)，反映植物光保護能力，測定非調節性能量耗散Y(NO)，反映植物光損傷程度。

• 誘導曲線(xiàn)測量：手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)兩種模式。手動(dòng)和自動(dòng)模式下均可隨時(shí)更改誘導曲線(xiàn)的光化光強度，自動(dòng)程序可測量熒光誘導曲線(xiàn)、誘導曲線(xiàn)+暗弛豫。測量過(guò)程中能自動(dòng)分析和記錄所有熒光參數的變化趨勢。

• 光曲線(xiàn)測量：20個(gè)光梯度，可隨意設置光曲線(xiàn)步數，可測量滯后光曲線(xiàn)。

• 吸光系數測量功能：快速測量葉片的吸光系數。吸光系數測量光源： 16個(gè)紅光（660 nm）和16個(gè)近紅外（780 nm）LED，用于測量植物葉片或藻類(lèi)樣品PAR吸光系數。

• AOI功能：圓形，矩形，多邊形，增加，刪除，編輯，顯示/隱藏，填充，重置?？稍跍y量前或測量后任意選擇感興趣的區域（AOI），程序將自動(dòng)對選擇的AOI的數據進(jìn)行變化趨勢分析，并在報告文件中顯示相關(guān)AOI的數據。所有報告文件中顯示的數據都可導出到EXCEL文件中。

• 時(shí)鐘重復：間隔可以在5秒和3600秒內設置，重復指令：SAT.Pulse、AL、AL+Y和Ft。

• 腳本定制：48條模塊化腳本語(yǔ)句，可以完成一些非標準化的自定義實(shí)驗流程，如光周期震蕩實(shí)驗。

• 成像異質(zhì)性分析功能：對任意參數任意時(shí)間的成像，可在圖像上任意選取兩點(diǎn)，軟件自動(dòng)對兩點(diǎn)間的數據進(jìn)行橫向異質(zhì)性分析，并可導出到EXCEL文件中。

• 成像數據范圍分析功能：對任意參數任意時(shí)間的成像，可分析任意兩個(gè)熒光數值之間有多少個(gè)像素點(diǎn)，多少面積（cm2）。

• 突變株篩選功能：可跟據成像結果快速篩選光合、產(chǎn)氫/油、抗逆（抗鹽、抗旱、抗病等）等突變株。

• 微藻毒理研究功能：可同時(shí)測量96個(gè)微藻樣品（對照和處理組）的光合活性，軟件自動(dòng)給出處理組樣品相對于對照組的光合抑制百分比。

成像參數

Fo, Fm, F, Ft, Fm', Fv/Fm, Y(II), qL, qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO), ETR, Abs, NIR, Red, Inh等。

應用領(lǐng)域

• 光合作用研究：可以在完全相同的條件下同時(shí)對大量樣品進(jìn)行成像

• 植物病理學(xué)：病斑部位（包括肉眼不可見(jiàn)時(shí)）成像以及病斑擴散的時(shí)空動(dòng)力學(xué)

• 植物脅迫生理學(xué)：肉眼不可見(jiàn)脅迫損傷的早期檢測

• 遺傳育種：出苗后大規?？焖俸Y選高光合/抗旱/抗熱/抗凍/抗病等植株

• 突變株篩選：快速篩選模式植物的光合突變株、抗逆突變株、產(chǎn)氫微藻突變株等

• 微藻毒理學(xué)：不同毒物濃度多個(gè)重復的樣品一次測完，軟件自動(dòng)計算抑制比率

• 分子生物學(xué)：宏觀(guān)水平上檢測樣品的綠色熒光蛋白（GFP）熒光

• 其它多種擴展研究

擴展功能

IMAGIING-PAM與GFS-3000聯(lián)用

模式一：MAXI-探頭與GFS-3000聯(lián)用，在10 cm x 13 cm的面積上同步測量氣體交換與熒光成像。 模式二：MINI-探頭與GFS-3000聯(lián)用，在2 cm x 3.2 cm的面積上同步測量氣體交換與熒光成像。 模式三：MINI-探頭與GFS-3000和擬南芥葉室聯(lián)用，實(shí)現擬南芥整株的同步測量（氣體交換與熒光成像）。

Phenoplate：MAXI-IMAGIING-PAM與熱循環(huán)儀聯(lián)用

Phenoplate方法集成了Maxi-Imaging-PAM和熱循環(huán)儀，可在葉綠素a熒光測量之前、期間和之后對溫度進(jìn)行快速動(dòng)態(tài)控制。它可以在動(dòng)態(tài)控制的熱環(huán)境中同時(shí)評估多達384個(gè)樣品的光系統II效率(Y(II))和非光化學(xué)淬滅(NPQ)。在本文中，我們展示了如何利用這一簡(jiǎn)單的系統來(lái)詳細描述光合作用&光強&溫度之間在電子轉移率(ETR)和非光化學(xué)淬滅(NPQ)方面的關(guān)系。

應用案例

突變株的快速篩選

MAXI-IMAGING-PAM特別適合對幼苗、愈傷組織、微藻等進(jìn)行突變株的快速篩選，適合于與光合突變株、抗逆（抗旱、抗鹽、抗病等）突變株、產(chǎn)油/氫突變株等的快速篩選。

環(huán)境對光合生物的影響

高溫，干旱，鹽分等環(huán)境條件會(huì )對光合生物產(chǎn)生非生物脅迫，影響光合作用正常進(jìn)行。Fv/Fm作為光系統II最大光化學(xué)轉化效率常被用來(lái)指示脅迫對光合生物影響的程度，具有非常廣泛的應用。

環(huán)境對光合生物的影響案例：全球變暖對珊瑚共生蟲(chóng)黃藻光合能力的影響。

光合生物對環(huán)境的自我適應與調節

自然界中的植物通常都能很好地應對環(huán)境變化帶來(lái)的傷害，因為它們已經(jīng)進(jìn)化出了敏銳的應對機制。非光化學(xué)淬滅可以將過(guò)剩的激發(fā)能耗散為熱量在其中起到了非常重要的作用。NPQ作為表征非光化學(xué)淬滅的熒光參數，在研究光下和暗弛豫階段的能量分配中被廣泛使用，具有非常重要的意義。

                                      光合生物對環(huán)境的自我適應與調節案例：擬南芥短鏈脫氫酶-還原酶突變體光保護能力研究

產(chǎn)地：德國WALZ

高分文獻目錄

數據來(lái)源：光合作用文獻Endnote數據庫

原始數據來(lái)源：Google Scholar

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